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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-222028

ABSTRACT

Background: The global population continues to rise at different rates in different parts of the world. While some countries are seeing a fast population increase, others are experiencing population loss. Significant ramifications of such changes in the global population distribution would be felt, as they are critical for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), or we might say that rapid population expansion poses obstacles to sustainable development. Estimating the population size and composition by age, sex, and other demographic parameters is crucial for analyzing the country’s future influence on poverty, sustainability, and development. This study tries to look at these parameters covered by the National Family Health Survey- 5 (NFHS 5) to see how accurate and trustworthy the predictors of district population size are. Methodology: The study assessed the predictors of the population size of any district. It was conducted using the secondary data of phase 1 of NFHS-5. The outcome variable is the population of each district. Household profiles, literacy among women, their marriage and fertility, contraceptive usage, and unmet need for family planning were considered to assess their potential as a predictor of the district’s population size. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify the predictors. Result: PCA was conducted on 18 variables, resulting in 7 principal components. Cumulatively, these components explained 77.6% of the total variation in data. On multiple linear regression, four principal components were found significant and these were related to women’s literacy, contraceptive usage, early pregnancy, the marriage of fewer than 18 years, and those using health insurance. Conclusion: Thus, women’s literacy plays a pivotal role in determining a region’s population size.

2.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 1421-1431, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-927790

ABSTRACT

Traditional methods of microbial synthesis usually rely on a single engineered strain to synthesize the target product through metabolic engineering. The key cofactors, precursors and energy are produced by the introduced complex synthetic pathways. This would increase the physiological burden of engineering strains, resulting in a decrease in the yield of target products. The modular co-culture engineering has become an attractive solution for effective heterologous biosynthesis, where product yield can be greatly improved. In the modular co-culture engineering, the coordination between the population of different modules is essential for increasing the production efficiency. This article summarized recent advances in the application of modular co-culture engineering and population control strategies.


Subject(s)
Coculture Techniques , Metabolic Engineering , Population Control
3.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 57(4): e171582, 2020. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1348168

ABSTRACT

Castration refers to induced sterility via physical, chemical, or hormonal methods. Chemical castration is an efficient and reliable technique in contrast to other sterilization procedures as it is less painful to physical methods and cost­effective to hormonal methods. Azadirachta indica (neem), is a charismatic plant as its leaves possess anti­inflammatory, anti­microbial, and anti­androgenic chattels. To abate the escalating human population in South Asia, neem oil and neem leaf extract have been effectively used as a contraceptive agent. The key determinant of the current study was to evaluate Neem as a chemical sterilizing agent, (either necrotic or apoptotic), in dogs injected intratesticular in comparison to a hypertonic saline solution. Pre­ and post­injection testicular width size and blood samples for serum testosterone levels were collected on alternative days. Results disclosed substantial changes in testicular width size, histopathological profile, and serum testosterone level. A non­significant (P > 0.05) pre­injection testicular width readings in contrast to a significant increase (P < 0.05) three days post­injection was noted in all the competitive groups. The mean values recorded for testicular width size at the end of the trial study via neem leaf extract, 30% HSS and, control groups were 27.7362 ± 2.3315mm, 30.9594 ± 4.6861mm, and 24.5023 ± 2.5387mm, respectively. A declining trend, regarding serum testosterone level being statistically significant (P < 0.05) was recorded in treated groups (A, B) in contrast to the control group (C) as the values were 1.5357 ± 0.7819ng, 1.2669 ± 0.9095ng, and 2.4517 ± 0.1827ng in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Histopathological findings advocated the presence of apoptotic bodies in the neem treated group whereas the presence of degenerated interstitial cells, necrosed seminiferous tubules, damaged germinal epithelium, and ceased spermatogenesis was also studied in both competitive groups. Thus, the apoptotic effect and anti­inflammatory property of neem leaf extract resulted in less painful castration and verified Azadirachta indica as a better substitute for chemical castration in contrast to hypertonic saline solution.(AU)


A castração consiste na indução da esterilidade por meio físico, químico ou hormonal. A castração química é uma técnica eficiente e confiável, em contraste com outros procedimentos de esterilização, pois é menos dolorosa para os métodos físicos e econômicos para os métodos hormonais. Azadirachta indica (neem), é uma planta carismática, pois possui folhas anti­inflamatórias, antimicrobianas e antiandrogênicas. Para diminuir a crescente população humana no sul da Ásia, o óleo de nim e o extrato de folhas de nim têm sido efetivamente usados como agente contraceptivo. O principal determinante deste estudo atual foi avaliar o Neem como um agente esterilizante químico (necrótico ou apoptótico) em cães injetados intratesticularmente em comparação com uma solução salina hipertônica. O tamanho da largura testicular pré e pós­injeção e as amostras de sangue para os níveis séricos de testosterona foram colhidas em dias alternados. Os resultados obtidos revelaram alterações substanciais no tamanho da largura testicular, perfil histopatológico e nível sérico de testosterona. Observou­se uma leitura não significativa (P> 0,05) da largura testicular da pré­injeção, em contraste com um aumento significativo (P <0,05) três dias após a injeção em todos os grupos competitivos.Os valores médios registrados para o tamanho da largura testicular no final do estudo via extrato de folhas de nim,HSS a 30% e grupos controle foram 27,7362 ± 2,3315 mm, 30,9594 ± 4,6861 mm e 24,5023 ± 2,5387 mm, respectivamente.Uma tendência decrescente, com relação ao nível sérico de testosterona sendo estatisticamente significante (P <0,05), foi registrada nos grupos tratados (A, B), em contraste com o grupo controle (C), pois os valores eram 1,5357 ± 0,7819ng, 1,2669 ± 0,9095ng e 2,4517 ± 0,1827ng nos grupos A, B e C, respectivamente. Os achados histopatológicos advogaram a presença de corpos apoptóticos no grupo tratado com nim, enquanto a presença de células intersticiais degeneradas, túbulos seminíferos necrosados, epitélio germinativo danificado e espermatogênese interrompida também foi estudada nos dois grupos competitivos. Assim, o efeito apoptótico e a propriedade anti­inflamatória do extrato de folhas de nim resultaram em uma castração menos dolorosa e confirmaram que a Azadirachta indica foi um melhor substituto para a castração química do que a solução salina hipertônica.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dogs , Orchiectomy/veterinary , Azadirachta/chemistry , Dogs/surgery , Saline Solution/administration & dosage , Chemosterilants
4.
Movimento (Porto Alegre) ; 26: e26062, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1135335

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar texto e imagem de publicações na rede social Instagram, com as hashtags #saúde e #corpo, a partir da noção deleuzeana de sociedade de controle. Para a coleta, utilizou-se o site Netlytic e, para a seleção dos dados, o software LibreOffice Calc. A metodologia consiste em uma análise enunciativa de perspectiva foucaultiana. Os resultados assinalam a presença de práticas que remetem às técnicas de confissão, de intervenção e de manipulação do corpo e às estratégias de controle para produção da saúde a partir da produção de verdades. Esses são indícios da operacionalização dos atuais mecanismos de vigilância da saúde e das estratégias de governamentalidade na sociedade de controle.


This article aims to analyze text and images posted on Instagram under the hashtags #saúde (Portuguese for health) and #corpo (body), based on Deleuze's notion of society of control. Data were collected using the website Netlytic and analyzed with the software LibreOffice Calc. The methodology consisted of statement analysis from a Foucauldian perspective. The results stress the presence of practices addressing techniques of confession, intervention, and body manipulation as well as control strategies to promote health based on production of truth. These are indications of how today's health surveillance mechanisms and governmentality strategies are operationalized in the society of control.


Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar texto e imagen de publicaciones en la red social Instagram, con las hashtags #salud y #cuerpo, a partir de la noción deleuzeana de sociedad de control. Para la recolección de datos, fue utilizado el sitio Netlytic, y, para la selección de los datos, el software LibreOffice Calc. La metodología consiste en un análisis enunciativo de perspectiva foucaultiana. Los resultados apuntan a la presencia de prácticas que remiten a las técnicas de confesión, de intervención y de manipulación del cuerpo y a las estrategias de control para la producción de salud a partir de la producción de verdades. Esos son indicios de la operacionalización de los actuales mecanismos de vigilancia de la salud y de las estrategias de gubernamentalidad en la sociedad de control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Surveillance , Social Networking , Internet
5.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 50(9): e20200053, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133316

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Groups of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are currently frequent inhabitants of urban areas. The species participates in the transmission cycle of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), a zoonosis that is caused by the bacteria R. rickettsii and transmitted by vector ticks. This has led to discussions on strategies to decrease the presence of this rodent through contraceptive methods and euthanasia, thus reducing their capacity to carry and transport ticks, which would be an important contribution to public health. Two condominiums and one business establishment in the interior of the state of São Paulo were used as case studies in the present investigation. All areas were classified by the Endemic Control Superintendence as risk areas for the transmission of BSF and presented the specie of ticks A. sculptum and A. dubitatum The objective of this study was to carry out sterilization procedures with animals that presented seropositive results for BSF. A total of 85 surgical procedures were conducted on immune capybaras, with authorization from DeFau/SMA-SP. For all procedures the animals were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride combined with xylazine and morphine. Two alpha males isolated themselves from the group after the vasectomy procedure, returning to their hierarchical position after 5 to 14 days. Population monitoring in the areas should be maintained indefinitely and conducting annual serological management until the natural death of these individuals. Tubal ligation, vasectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy were demonstrated to be simple and low-risk procedures in capybaras. These techniques assist in the population control of this species in enclosed areas with risk of BSF transmission, thus decreasing the need for euthanasia.


RESUMO: Grupos de capivaras (H. hydrochaeris) são atualmente habitantes frequentes de áreas urbanas. A espécie participa do ciclo de transmissão da febre maculosa brasileira (FMB), uma zoonose causada pela bactéria R. rickettsii e transmitida por carrapatos vetoriais. Isso levou a discussões sobre estratégias para diminuir a presença desse roedor por meio de métodos contraceptivos e eutanásia, reduzindo sua capacidade de carrear e transportar carrapatos, o que seria uma importante contribuição para a saúde pública. Dois condomínios e um estabelecimento comercial no interior de São Paulo foram utilizados como estudos de caso na presente investigação. Todas as áreas foram classificadas pela Superintendência de Controle Endêmico como áreas de risco para a transmissão da FMB e apresentaram a espécie do carrapato A. sculptum e A. dubitatum. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar procedimentos de esterilização com animais que apresentaram resultados soropositivos para a FMB. Foram realizados 85 procedimentos cirúrgicos em capivaras imunes, com autorização do DeFau / SMA-SP. Para todos os procedimentos, os animais foram anestesiados com cloridrato de cetamina combinado com xilazina e morfina. Dois machos alfa se isolaram do grupo após o procedimento de vasectomia, retornando à sua posição hierárquica após 5 a 14 dias. O monitoramento populacional nas áreas deve ser mantido indefinidamente e conduzindo-se o manejo sorológico anual até a morte natural desses indivíduos. Foi possível demonstrar que a ligação tubária, vasectomia e salpingo-ooforectomia são procedimentos de baixo risco em capivaras. Essas técnicas auxiliam no controle populacional desta espécie em áreas fechadas e com risco de transmissão de FMB, diminuindo a necessidade de eutanásia.

6.
Rev. lasallista investig ; 15(1): 8-15, ene.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1093959

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las palomas (Columba livia) son parte cultural de los centros históricos de las grandes ciudades del mundo -entre ellos la Plaza de Bolívar de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia-, sin embargo, son una especie invasora que puede llegar a ser una amenaza para la salud pública de los visitantes de la Plaza, razón por la cual es necesario controlar el incremento neto de estas aves sin buscar su extinción. Objetivo: En este trabajo se construyó un modelo matemático del crecimiento de la población de palomas, bajo una serie de pulsos de control a través del tiempo, para observar el comportamiento de desarrollo controlado de estas aves. Materiales y métodos: Como herramienta principal se utilizó la metodología de modelamiento conocida como Dinámica de Sistemas, la cual permite obtener un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales a partir de una representación sistémica de un problema. Resultados: Los resultados indican que la simulación de este tipo de control permite que la población de palomas se mantenga dentro de un rango aceptable para el espacio. Conclusiones: Este trabajo se considera un gran aporte en la simulación y evaluación de escenarios para el control de población de palomas, mediante la evaluación con Dinámica de Sistemas y puede reproducirse para otras especies problema.


Abstract Introduction: The pigeons (Columba livia) are a cultural part of the historical centers of the great cities of the world; however, they are an invasive species that can become a threat to the public health of visitors to the Plaza de Bolívar in Bogotá, which is why it is necessary to control the net increase of these birds, without seeking extinction. Objective: In this work a mathematical model of the population growth of pigeons was constructed, under a series of control pulses through time, to observe the behavior of controlled development of these birds. Materials and Methods: As a main tool we used the modeling methodology known as System Dynamics, which allows us to obtain a system of differential equations from a systemic representation of a problem. Results: The results indicate that the simulation of this type of control allows the population of pigeons to remain within an acceptable range for space. Conclusions: This work is considered a great contribution in the simulation and evaluation ofscenarios for the population control of pigeons, through the evaluation with Systems Dynamics and can be reproduced for other problem species.


Resumo Introdução: As pombos (Columba livia) são parte cultural dos centros históricos das grandes cidades no mundo, incluindo a Praça Bolívar na cidade de Bogotá, Colômbia, no entanto, são uma espécie invasora que podem se tornar uma ameaça para a saúde pública dos visitantes da Praça, é por isso que é necessário controlar o aumento líquido dessas aves sem buscar a extinção. Objetivo: Neste trabalho construiu-se um modelo matemático do crescimento da população de pombos, sob uma série de pulsos de controle no tempo, para observar o comportamento de desenvolvimento controlado dessas aves. Materiais e métodos: Como ferramenta principal, utilizou-se a metodologia de modelagem conhecida como Dinâmica de Sistemas, que permite obter um sistema de equações diferenciais a partir de uma representação sistémica de um problema. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que a simulação deste tipo de controle permite que a população de pombos permaneça dentro de um intervalo aceitável para o espaço. Conclusões: Este trabalho é considerado uma grande contribuição na simulação e avaliação de cenários para o controle da população de pombos, através da avaliação com a Dinâmica de Sistemas e pode se reproduzir para outras espécies problema.

7.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 55(1): 1-16, 2 abr. 2018. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-912690

ABSTRACT

Human-wildlife conflicts, a growing and sad reality worldwide, makes population control of wildlife and feral animals one of the biggest challenges in wildlife management, especially due to the rapidly expanding human population, and consequently the ever-diminishing natural habitats of animals. Human activities and the destruction of nature forcing wildlife to move inevitably into urban and agricultural areas, causing "conflicts", such as the risk of zoonosis and traffic accidents, as well as damage to crops in the search for food, whose losses reach millions of dollars. For decades, science has been engaged in extensive efforts to develop methods of "humane" population control methods, and many techniques are being employed in order to control wildlife population. In this article, we present an overview of applied contraceptive methods with simplified graphic demonstrations of their interactions with reproductive physiology, furthermore relating pro and contra of utilized antifertility agents. These are being compared to a set of desired characteristics for free-ranging wildlife for in-field applications, with emphasis on reversible immunocontraception ­ concluding, therefore, the reasons why this concept is becoming the most appropriate and promising for free-ranging wildlife.(AU)


Os conflitos Humanos-Animais Selvagens são uma realidade crescente e triste no mundo inteiro, tornando o controle populacional da fauna silvestre e animais ferais o maior desafio, principalmente diante do crescimento da população humana e, consequentemente, da diminuição dos habitats naturais dos animais. As atividades humanas e a destruição da natureza, forçam os animais de vida livre a se dirigirem para áreas urbanas e agrícolas, inevitavelmente, causando conflitos, como o risco de zoonoses, acidentes de trânsito, bem como danos às plantações, quando em busca de alimentos, cujo prejuízo chega a milhões de dólares. Durante décadas, a ciência esteve empenhada em esforços extensivos para desenvolver métodos de controle populacional "humano"; e muitas técnicas foram utilizadas, a fim de se realizar um controle populacional destes animais silvestres. Neste artigo será apresentada uma visão geral dos métodos anticoncepcionais aplicados, com demonstrações gráficas simplificadas de suas interações com a fisiologia reprodutiva, bem como relacionando os prós e os contras dos agentes antifertilidade empregados; também serão comparados com um conjunto de características desejadas para as aplicações em fauna a campo, com ênfase em imunocontracepção reversível, concluindo assim, com as razões do porque este conceito torna-se o mais apropriado e promissor para animais silvestres de vida livre.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Wild/physiology , Contraception/veterinary , Population Control/methods , Reproductive Physiological Phenomena/drug effects , Environmental Imbalance/prevention & control
8.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(3,supl): 2273-2280, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886818

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Control strategies using insecticides are sometimes ineffective due to the resistance of the insect vectors.In this scenario new products must be proposed for the control of insect vectors.The complexes L-aspartate Cu (II) and L-glutamate-Cu (II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, visible ultraviolet, infrared spectroscopy and potentiometric titration. The toxicity of these complexes was analyzed in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The interaction between the ligands and the amino acid balance and the distribution of the species as a function of pH were discussed. The lethal concentration median (LC50) for Ae. aegypti larvae were: L-glutamic acid-Cu (II) - 53.401 mg L-1 and L-aspartate-Cu (II) - 108.647 mg L-1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) required for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was: L-glutamate-Cu (II) 500-2000 mg L-1 and L-aspartate-Cu (II) 1000-2000 mg L-1. The concentrations demonstrated toxicity that evidence the potential of the complexes as bactericide and insecticide. Metal complexes formed by amino acids and transition metals are advantageous because of low environmental toxicity, biodegradability and low production cost.


Subject(s)
Animals , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Aspartic Acid/chemistry , Glutamic Acid/chemistry , Copper/chemistry , Aedes/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Toxicity Tests , Larva/drug effects , Lethal Dose 50
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(3): 771-776, May-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-753922

ABSTRACT

A existência de populações numerosas de pombos (Columba livia) em centros urbanos, em quase todo o mundo, tem se tornado um risco à saúde pública em vista das zoonoses que podem transmitir. A infecção por Chlamydophila psittaci foi avaliada em pombos que frequentam áreas públicas, como praças, ruas e pontos turísticos na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, por meio da PCR em amostras de fezes frescas, suabes cloacais e orofaríngeos. O estudo revelou uma frequência de infecção por C. psittaci de 11,7% (16/137) dos pombos, e oito dos 10 locais pesquisados apresentavam aves infectadas. A detecção de C. psittaci em amostras de cloaca e orofaringe foi maior (15,8% - 3/19) que em amostras de fezes frescas (11% - 13/118). Os resultados demonstram a ocorrência de infecção por C. psittaci em pombos que habitam as áreas públicas da cidade de Salvador e apontam para a necessária elaboração de medidas de controle e monitoramento das populações de pombos urbanos, bem como de ações voltadas à conscientização da sociedade sobre os riscos à saúde pública.


The existence of numerous pigeon (Columba livia) populations in urban centers, in most of the world, has become a public-health risk given the zoonoses they can transmit. Infection with Chlamydophila psittaci was evaluated in pigeons that frequent public areas, such as squares, streets and tourist sites in the city of Salvador, through PCR from fresh feces samples, cloacal swabs and oropharyngeals. The study revealed a frequency of infection with C. psittaci of 11.7% (16/137) in pigeons, and infected birds were found in eight of the ten locales researched. The detection of C. psittaci in samples of cloaca and oropharyngs was greater (15.8% - 3/19) than in the samples of fresh feces (11% - 13/118). The results show the occurrence of infection with C. psittaciem in pigeons that live in public areas in the city of Salvador and points to the necessity of elaborating control and monitoring measures for the populations of urban pigeons as well as developing actions that will raise society´s awareness of these risks to public health.


Subject(s)
Animals , Chlamydophila psittaci/pathogenicity , Columbidae/microbiology , Feces/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Zoonoses/epidemiology
10.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 22(2): 92-98, abr.-jun.2015. il.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000082

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a percepção sobre guarda responsável, zoonoses, controle populacional de cães e gatos e a situação de cães de rua, de uma amostra de pessoas pertencentes à Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Para isso foram enviados questionários online com 22 perguntas. Participaram dessa pesquisa 239 pessoas, a maioria do sexo feminino, com faixa etária entre 25 e 35 anos, com ensino superior completo, residentes principalmente em Curitiba/PR. Possuíam cão ou gato como animal de estimação, 57% dos respondentes, e em relação à quantidade de animais por respondente, o número médio de cães foi de 2,62 ± 1,35 e gatos de 1,56 ± 1,07. Tanto proprietários de cães como gatos, afirmaram praticar com regularidade a vacinação, administração de vermífugos e atendimento veterinário de seus animais. O acesso dos cães à rua foi realizado com coleira e guia por 50,53% dos respondentes. Em relação à zoonose, 62% afirmaram saber o que é e conseguiram citar um exemplo. Sobre a presença de animal solto no seu bairro, 78% dos respondentes afirmaram que sim, 49% observaram que há cães de rua que são mantidos por alguém e 71% afirmaram que o responsável pelo controle desses animais deve ser o governo e a sociedade. Diante das respostas obtidas, foi possível identificar que essa amostra populacional reconheceu seis tipos de zoonoses, percebeu a importância da guarda responsável de cães e gatos e afirmou que não haja um único responsável pelos cães de rua.


This study aimed to evaluate the perception of responsible custody, zoonosis, population control of cats and dogs and the situation of stray dogs in a sample of people belonging to the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná. For this online questionnaires with 22 questions was sent. 239 people participated in this survey, the majority were female, aged between 25-35 years with complete living mainly in Curitiba / PR higher education. They had a dog or cat as a pet, 57% of respondents, and relative to the amount of animals responding by, the average number of dogs was 2.62 ± 1.35 and 1.56 ± 1.07 for cats. Both dog owners like cats, practicing regularly said vaccination administration of wormers and vet care for their animals. The access of the street dogs was held with collar and leash by 50.53% of respondents. Regarding zoonosis, 62% claimed to know what it is and managed to cite an example. About the presence of loose animals in your neighborhood, 78% of respondents said yes, 49% noted that there stray dogs that are kept by someone, and 71% stated that the responsibility for controlling these animals should be the government and society. Given the responses, we found that this sample population recognized six types of zoonosis, realized the importance of responsible dog guard and cats and stated that there is no single responsible for stray dogs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Population Control , Public Health , Education
11.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 21(4): 178-182, out.-dez.2014. il.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1022251

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interferência do programa de esterilização cirúrgica na taxa de natalidade de gatas e cadelas, no período de julho de 2011 a julho de 2012, no município de São José dos Pinhais/PR, com base em estimativas populacionais de cães e gatos realizadas por amostragem. Para estimar o número de cães e gatos do município, foram utilizados dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e resultados de trabalhos anteriores sobre as proporções de animais : ser humano, encontradas nas estimativas populacionais realizadas nos anos de 2006 e 2011. O número de esterilizações cirúrgicas realizadas no período foi obtido junto à Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente do município e os resultados analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. A população estimada foi de 58.376 e 98.000 cães e 11.675 e 18.000 gatos em 2006 e 2011, respectivamente. Foram esterilizados no período um total de 935 animais, sendo 672/935 (71,87%) cães e 263/935 (28,12%) gatos, representando 672/98.000 (0,68%) e 263/18.000 (1,46%) da população total estimada. Dentre os cães, 543/672 (80,2%) eram fêmeas e 129/672 (19,2%) machos e dos gatos, 174/263 (66,16%) eram fêmeas e 89/263 (33,84%) machos. Calcula-se que foram evitados com as esterilizações das fêmeas o total de 4.803 novos filhotes (impacto de 2,86% sob o número total de cães e 11,60% sob o número total de gatos domiciliados e semi-domiciliados estimados em 2011). Diante dos resultados, observa-se a necessidade de ações de conscientização à guarda responsável de animais e adesão ao programa de esterilização.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of the program for surgical sterilization in the birth rate of cats and dogs, from July 2011 to July 2012, in São José dos Pinhais/PR, based on population estimates dogs and cats carried out at random. To estimate the number of dogs and cats in the municipality, we used data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and results of previous work on the proportions of animals: human, found in the population estimates made in the years 2006 and 2011 the number of surgical sterilizations performed in the period was obtained from the Municipal Secretariat of Environment of the municipality and the results analyzed using descriptive statistics. The estimated population was 58.376 and 98.000 dogs and 11.675 cats and 18.000 in 2006 and 2011, respectively. A total of 935 animals were sterilized during the period, with 672/935 (71,87%) dogs and 263/935 (28,12%) cats, representing 672/98.000 (0,68%) and 263/18.000 (1,46%) of the total estimated population. Among the dogs, 543/672 (80,2%) were females and 129/672 (19,2%) males and cats, 174/263 (66,16%) were females and 89/263 (33,84%) males. It is estimated that were prevented by the sterilization of females total 4.803 new pups (2,86% impact on the total number of dogs and 11,60% in the total number of cats and semi-resident residing estimated in 2011). Given the results, there is a need for awareness actions to responsible pet keeping and adherence to sterilization program. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Castration , Cats , Sterilization , Dogs , Sampling Studies , Population Control
12.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 21(3): 178-182, jul.-set. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491588

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interferência do programa de esterilização cirúrgica na taxa de natalidade de gatas e cadelas,no período de julho de 2011 a julho de 2012, no município de São José dos Pinhais/PR, com base em estimativas populacionaisde cães e gatos realizadas por amostragem. Para estimar o número de cães e gatos do município, foram utilizados dados doInstituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e resultados de trabalhos anteriores sobre as proporções de animais : ser humano,encontradas nas estimativas populacionais realizadas nos anos de 2006 e 2011. O número de esterilizações cirúrgicas realizadasno período foi obtido junto à Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente do município e os resultados analisados por meio de estatísticadescritiva. A população estimada foi de 58.376 e 98.000 cães e 11.675 e 18.000 gatos em 2006 e 2011, respectivamente. Foramesterilizados no período um total de 935 animais, sendo 672/935 (71,87%) cães e 263/935 (28,12%) gatos, representando672/98.000 (0,68%) e 263/18.000 (1,46%) da população total estimada. Dentre os cães, 543/672 (80,2%) eram fêmeas e 129/672(19,2%) machos e dos gatos, 174/263 (66,16%) eram fêmeas e 89/263 (33,84%) machos. Calcula-se que foram evitados com asesterilizações das fêmeas o total de 4.803 novos filhotes (impacto de 2,86% sob o número total de cães e 11,60% sob o númerototal de gatos domiciliados e semi-domiciliados estimados em 2011). Diante dos resultados, observa-se a necessidade de açõesde conscientização à guarda responsável de animais e adesão ao programa de esterilização.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of the program for surgical sterilization in the birth rate of cats and dogs,from July 2011 to July 2012, in São José dos Pinhais/PR, based on population estimates dogs and cats carried out at random. Toestimate the number of dogs and cats in the municipality, we used data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics andresults of previous work on the proportions of animals: human, found in the population estimates made in the years 2006 and 2011the number of surgical sterilizations performed in the period was obtained from the Municipal Secretariat of Environment of themunicipality and the results analyzed using descriptive statistics. The estimated population was 58.376 and 98.000 dogs and 11.675cats and 18.000 in 2006 and 2011, respectively. A total of 935 animals were sterilized during the period, with 672/935 (71,87%) dogsand 263/935 (28,12%) cats, representing 672/98.000 (0,68%) and 263/18.000 (1,46%) of the total estimated population. Among thedogs, 543/672 (80,2%) were females and 129/672 (19,2%) males and cats, 174/263 (66,16%) were females and 89/263 (33,84%)males. It is estimated that were prevented by the sterilization of females total 4.803 new pups (2,86% impact on the total numberof dogs and 11,60% in the total number of cats and semi-resident residing estimated in 2011). Given the results, there is a needfor awareness actions to responsible pet keeping and adherence to sterilization program.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Castration/veterinary , Population Control/methods , Sampling Studies , Brazil
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 64(6): 1515-1523, Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660219

ABSTRACT

A caracterização das populações canina e felina domiciliadas do município de São Paulo (SP) foi realizada utilizando-se amostragem complexa com seleção aleatória em dois estágios. Em cada distrito administrativo, foram visitados seis setores censitários e 20 domicílios em cada setor sorteado, de setembro de 2006 a setembro de 2009, totalizando 11.272 entrevistas. A razão homem:cão foi de 4,34, e a razão homem:gato de 19,33. A população canina foi estimada em 2.507.401, e a felina em 562.965. A população canina era composta por 52,7% de machos, e a felina por 45,1%. A proporção de fêmeas esterilizadas, 23,4% das cadelas e 46,1% das gatas, é maior que a de machos, 11,4% dos cães e 31,5% dos gatos. A idade média dos cães era de 4,99 anos e a dos gatos de 3,53 anos. A proporção de cães com restrição de acesso à rua, 64,4%, foi maior que a de gatos, 42,5%. A média de animais/domicílio foi estimada em 1,60 para cães e 1,69 para gatos. A guarda destes animais está associada a fatores culturais, assim a caracterização da população de animais é base da estruturação adequada de programas de controle populacional e de zoonoses.


This study aimed to estimate the owned dog and cat populations of São Paulo city using a complex sample with random selection in two stages. In each administrative district, six census sectors and 20 households in each sampled sector were visited from September 2006 to September 2009, totalizing 11,272 interviews. The human:dog ratio was 4.34 and the human:cat ratio was 19.33. The dog population was 2,507,401 and the cat population, 562,965. The dog population was composted of 52.7% males, while among the cat population it was 45.1%. The proportion of sterilized females (23.4% among dogs and 46.1% among cats) was higher than males (11.4% among dogs and 31.5% among cats). The mean age of dogs was 4.99 years, and for cats, 3.53 years. The proportion of restricted (without access to the street) dogs, 64.4%, was higher than restricted cats, 42.5%. The average number of animals/household was 1.60 for dogs and 1.69 for cats. The animal ownership is associated with cultural factors, therefore the characterization of canine and feline population is essential to implement an adequate animal population management program and zoonosis control.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Castration/veterinary , Zoonoses , Castration/statistics & numerical data , Castration/trends
14.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 49(4): 255-261, 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687620

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dor pós-intervenção associada a três métodos de esterilização de cães machos. Vinte e sete cães participaram do estudo, e foram distribuídos em três grupos denominados: OT, cães submetidos à orquiectomia; GZ, cães que receberam injeções intratesticular de gluconato de zinco; e VT, cães submetidos à vasectomia. Os escores de dor foram avaliados por meio da escala da Universidade de Melbourne utilizada para avaliação de dor pós-operatória em cães. Não houve diferença significativa entre as medianas de escores de dor nos distintos grupos. No grupo GZ, 44% dos animais necessitaram de sedação durante a aplicação e 11% apresentaram complicações secundárias, com ulceração e edema testicular. O valor máximo de dor foi mais alto no grupo GZ, levando à necessidade de analgesia pós-intervenção em um cão. Os resultados motivam estudos com maior número de animais em relação ao gluconato de zinco, sugerindo a necessidade de acompanhamento dos cães durante 15 dias pós-intervenção.


The objective of this project was to evaluate the post-intervention pain due to three methods of male sterilization. Twenty seven dogs participated in the study and were distributed in three groups: (OT) dogs submitted to orchiectomy; (ZG) dogs submitted to intratesticular injections of zinc gluconate; and (VT) dogs submitted to vasectomy. Pain was evaluated with the dog post-surgical pain evaluation scale from Melbourne. There was no significant difference amongst median pain scores for the groups. In the group ZG, 44% of the animals needed sedation during the application, and 11% showed secondary complications, with ulceration and swollen testicles. The maximum pain score was higher for the ZG group, requiring post-intervention analgesia for one dog. The results motivate studies with higher number of animals regarding zinc gluconate, suggesting that the dogs be closely monitored during 15 days post-intervention.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Welfare/ethics , Dogs/classification , Sterilization , Vasectomy
15.
São Paulo med. j ; 130(3): 145-150, 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-640902

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is a public health problem due to its high prevalence and long-term cardiovascular complications. In Brazil in 2005, cardiovascular diseases were responsible for 28% of all deaths. Efforts are being made within primary care to achieve adequate hypertension control. The Family Health Program (FHP) has the aims of promoting quality of life and intervening in factors that put this at risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of blood pressure control among patients followed up at FHP units compared with those at primary healthcare units (PHUs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study in the municipality of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, from January to December 2005. METHODS: Five hundred patients with a diagnosis of hypertension were included: 250 were being followed up at two FHP units and 250 at two PHUs. The diagnosis of hypertension was based on the Fourth Brazilian Hypertension Consensus, and the patients needed to have been under follow-up at the units for at least 12 months. Patients' blood pressure was considered to be under control if it was less than 140/90 mmHg at the last consultation. RESULTS: Blood pressure was under control in 29.2% (n = 73) at FHP units and 39.23% (n = 98) at PHUs (odds ratio = 0.64; confidence interval = 0.44-0.93; P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Blood pressure control was better among patients followed up at PHUs than among those followed up at FHP units.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um problema de saúde pública por sua elevada prevalência e complicações em longo prazo. No Brasil as doenças cardiovasculares foram responsáveis, em 2005, por 28% do total de óbitos em geral. Esforços vêm sendo implementados na atenção básica para o seu adequado controle. O Programa de Saúde da Família tem o objetivo de promover qualidade de vida assim como intervir nos fatores que a coloquem em risco. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a taxa de controle da HA em pacientes acompanhados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) comparados com pacientes acompanhados nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal analítico, no município de Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, entre janeiro e dezembro de 2005. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 500 pacientes com diagnóstico de HA, sendo 250 em acompanhamento em duas USF e 250 em duas UBS. O diagnóstico de HA foi baseado no IV Consenso Brasileiro de Hipertensão e os pacientes precisavam estar em acompanhamento nas Unidades por no mínimo 12 meses. Foram considerados controlados os pacientes que apresentaram níveis pressóricos inferiores a 140/90 mmHg na última consulta. RESULTADOS: A taxa de controle da pressão arterial foi de 29,2% (n = 73) nas USF e de 39,23% (n = 98) nas UBS (odds ratio = 0,64; intervalo de confiança = 0,44-0,93), P = 0,024). CONCLUSÃO: Foi observado melhor controle da pressão arterial nos pacientes acompanhados nas UBS quando comparados aos pacientes acompanhados nas USF.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Hypertension/prevention & control , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Brazil , Combined Modality Therapy , Epidemiologic Methods , Family Health/statistics & numerical data , Hypertension/drug therapy , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Treatment Outcome
16.
Investig. segur. soc. salud ; 12: 75-84, 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-610239

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Actualmente la población canina en el Distrito Capital alcanza los setecientos mil animales, entre callejeros y con dueño. La Secretaría Distrital de Salud, mediante la línea de enfermedades compartidas y para el manejo de esta población y evitar el riesgo generado por la convivencia con las mascotas, controla la población canina de Bogotá, por medio de la esterilización gratuita de hembras caninas, por ser esta especie la mantenedora del virus de la rabia en el ámbito urbano. Métodos: Se revisa la ejecución y el impacto de esta actividad entre el 2006 y el 2009 en la ciudad de Bogotá. Para ello se utilizaron las bases de datos mensuales generadas por los informes realizados por todas las empresas sociales del Estado del Distrito Capital que desarrollan esta clase de actividades en todas las localidades. Resultados: Mediante la esterilización gratuita se han logrado operar más de setenta mil hembras en su mayoría caninas y mantener la proporción un canino por doce personas, a pesar del aumento paulatino de la población humana. Conclusión: El programa ha tenido un impacto positivo en el control de la población, pues de no haberse implementado, la ciudad tendría actualmente más de un millón de caninos; sin embargo, es preciso revisar la continuidad local, el número de procedimientos realizados y la parte educativa hacia la comunidad, incluida la información de los puntos para esterilizar, así como los beneficios generados tanto a los animales como a la población en general.


Introduction: Presently, the Capital District’s dog population, including both street and domestic dogs, is approximately 700,000. The District Health Secretariat, in order to control this population and avoid the risk generated by their co-existence with human-owned pets, uses the program for the free-of-charge sterilization of female dogs. As it known that rabies is carried by female dogs in the urban canine population. Methods: This article examines the implementation and impact of this program from 2006 to 2009 in the city of Bogotá. This study used monthly-fed data bases generated by reports done by all State Social Enterprises in the District Capital which carry out this type of projects all over the city. Results: More than 70,000 female animals, mainly dogs, have been managed to undergo surgery, which has allowed to keep a dog to human ratio one dog to twelve people, despite the gradual increase in the human population. Conclusion: The program has had a positive impact on the control of the dog population, because if it had not been implemented, the city would have more than one million dogs. However, it is necessary to monitor the local follow-through, the number of procedures completed, and the educational component of the community, including information points about sterilization that illustrate its benefits, both for animals and for the population in general.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Population Control , Cuspid , Sterilization , Rabies , Rabies virus , Disease , Pets
17.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 25(4): 300-304, abr. 2009. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-515968

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar, por meio de modelos matemáticos, os potenciais impactos das campanhas de esterilização na redução da densidade populacional de cães domiciliados. MÉTODOS: Foram elaborados modelos matemáticos para simular a dinâmica populacional de cães domiciliados e projetar os resultados de estratégias de controle para diferentes taxas de esterilização. RESULTADOS:Mesmo para altas taxas de esterilização (por exemplo, 0,80 ano-1), seriam necessários cerca de 5 anos de campanhas para possibilitar uma redução de 20 por cento na densidade. No entanto, outras fontes de crescimento populacional, como a importação de cães de outras áreas, poderiam reduzir a efetividade dos programas de esterilização. CONCLUSÕES: A efetividade de um programa depende não apenas da taxa de esterilização, mas também da taxa de crescimento populacional. As campanhas de esterilização podem potencialmente reduzir a densidade populacional, embora a redução nem sempre possa ser notada de imediato.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze, through mathematical modeling, the potential ability of sterilization campaigns to reduce the population density of pet dogs. METHODS: Mathematical models were constructed to simulate the canine population dynamics and project the results of control strategies based on several sterilization rates. RESULTS: Even at high sterilization rates (for example, 0.80 year-1), it would take approximately 5 years to reduce density by 20 percent. Even so, other sources of population growth, such as the importing of dogs from other geographic areas, could outweigh the effects of a sterilization program. CONCLUSIONS: A program's effectiveness is contingent upon not only on the sterilization rate, but also the rate of population growth. Sterilization campaigns may potentially reduce population density, but this reduction may not be immediately evident.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Models, Theoretical , Public Health , Sterilization, Reproductive/statistics & numerical data , Health Promotion , Population Dynamics
18.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 102(6): 671-674, Sept. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-463470

ABSTRACT

The reproductive activity of Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex was evaluated. Parameters related to fecundity and fertility were observed. The snails were exposed to the LD50 (1 mg/l) of crude latex. At the first week post exposure (p.e.), the egg laying was reduced. After the fourth week p.e., an increase of the number of eggs/snail occurred. The results showed a marked reduction in the hatching of the snails, revealing an interference of latex exposure with the reproductive process of B. glabrata of E. splendens var. hislopii. The LD50 of the latex may be used as an alternative method to control the size of the populations of B. glabrata in field.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Biomphalaria/drug effects , Euphorbia/chemistry , Latex/pharmacology , Biomphalaria/physiology , Latex/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Reproduction/drug effects , Reproduction/physiology
19.
Korean Journal of Medical History ; : 155-168, 1996.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-95614

ABSTRACT

This study refers to the origin of the modern health care system in Korea. The modern health care system was emerged in order to solve the problem of the infectious diseases and to increase the national population between 1876 and 1910. 'Opening a Country'(1876) urged the Chos?n dynasty to strengthen her national power to compete with the imperial powers, and the increase of the population was one of the major concerns. 'Opening a Country' also provided the methods of controlling the infectious diseases which were the most important factors causing population unstability. The modern health care system in Korea had been formed for about 30 years since 'Opening a Country'. The new health care system aimed at controlling population. It was different from the old system that claimed for Confucian ideology, loyalty and paternal love of the people. The new system was consisted of three sectors - public health, medical care, and the surveillance of the private practitioners and drug-sellers. Vaccination for smallpox, sanitation, quarantine and hospitals for Western medicine were established in the medical care sector. Licensing for herbal doctors and pharmacists was taken in order to control the quality of private practitioners. In addition, the Sanitary Board was set to provide the systematic health care and the police was created to enforce many sanitary affairs. The emergence of modern health care system took several steps. Generally speaking, the Western health care and medicine which were very poor at first became the dominant, while the once strong indigenous medicine and health care tended to the marginal. As soon as Chos?n was opened to the outside world, Chos?n government regarded herself to be able to select some Western health care methods, for example, vaccination, sanitation and quarantine, to control the infectious diseases without changing the existing social order. But because of international environment surrounding Chos?n and people's uprising to destroy the feudalistic dynasty, more fundamental changes were needed. The Reform in 1894-5 was the product of these movements. As result of the Reform movements the governmental health care system based on Confucian 'Wangdo' ideology was changed into modern one calling for the quantitative and qualitative control of population. The Sanitary Board was established, and police was created, while royal medicine, which had represented the government health care for long time, was limited to just the practice of royal physicians. In spite of this drastic changes the reformation was not substantial because of the instability of political regimes. Thus most of the modern health care system had been achieved during the Kwangmu Reform period(1896-1904) directed by the Emperor and his followers. The system included the health care organization, public health, medical care, and the surveillance of the private practitioners. And the respect for the traditional herbal medicine was one of the prominent features in this Reform period. As Imperial Japan started to colonialize Korea after, the policy of health care system was greatly changed. Japanese controlled Korean health care institutions and they built high-level Western hospitals for only their health. And they eliminated Korean traditional medicine out of the public sectors. They strengthened the control of the infectious diseases by police and the military police, but they exploited it as the means of the surveillance of everyday life of Korean in the name of hygiene. The modern health care system emerged during 1876-1910 seems to be similar to the present health care system because it aimed at the control of population. However it is different because it showed paternalistic authority unlike the present system which is based on the individual right. In the Kwangmu Reform period, health care was dependent on the mercy of the Emperor, and in the Japanese occupation period, the health care system contributed to the increase of the autocratic, paternalistic colonial power.

20.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6)1994.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-531298

ABSTRACT

Population control acculturation,which transforms population from heteronomy to self-discipline by imposing internal and external influences on humans,is an inevitable choice for current population control in China.To validly implement population control acculturation,various approaches of reproduction control are needed,mainly including contraception,artificial abortion and sterilization.A series of ethical issues are closely related to the above reproduction control approaches.

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